Absolute Democracy:
This term isn’t widely used, but it could hypothetically refer to a form of democracy in which the people’s power is unlimited. In practice, such a system might not exist due to practical constraints and the need for checks and balances.
Bhutanese Democracy:
Bhutanese democracy refers to the system of governance adopted by the Kingdom of Bhutan following the introduction of a constitutional monarchy in 2008. It is unique in incorporating traditional Buddhist values and the concept of Gross National Happiness into its political framework.
Consensus Democracy:
Consensus democracy emphasizes decision-making through consensus rather than majority rule. In such systems, stakeholders strive to reach agreements that satisfy the interests and concerns of all participants. This approach is often used in small, homogenous communities or organizations.
Guided Democracy:
Guided democracy is a term used to describe a form of authoritarian rule in which elections and political processes are controlled or manipulated by a dominant party or leader. While there may be some semblance of democratic institutions, the guiding authority exerts significant influence over political outcomes.
Interest Group Democracy:
Interest group democracy emphasizes the role of organized interest groups, such as advocacy organizations, trade unions, and professional associations, in shaping public policy and influencing government decision-making. These groups represent citizens’ diverse interests and preferences and seek to advance their agendas through lobbying and advocacy.
Messianic Democracy:
This term isn’t commonly used, but it might refer to a system of governance in which the populace perceives a charismatic leader as a messianic figure or savior. Their perceived messianic status may heavily influence the leader’s authority and decision-making in such systems.
Monitory Democracy:
Monitory democracy emphasizes the importance of independent monitoring and oversight mechanisms in holding government institutions and officials accountable. This includes institutions such as ombudsmen, audit bodies, and watchdog organizations that scrutinize government actions and ensure transparency and accountability.
Non-representative Democracy:
Non-representative democracy refers to systems of governance in which decision-making is not based on the principle of representation. This could include direct democracy, where citizens directly participate in decision-making, or other models where power is concentrated in particular institutions or individuals without broad representation.
Each of these democracy types reflects different approaches to governance, incorporating various principles and mechanisms to achieve political legitimacy, representation, and accountability.
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